งานวิจัยที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์

Entamoeba gingivalis is an anaerobic protozoan increasingly associated with periodontitis, particularly in individuals with systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of E. gingivalis in 160 Thai patients with periodontitis and analyzed associated risk factors. Microscopy detected the parasite in 15.0% of patients, PCR in 25.6%, and sequencing confirmed the infection in 22.5%, all of which were Subtype 1. Infection was significantly more common among diabetic patients (41.3%) than non-diabetics (3.8%) (P0.001). Multivariate analysis identified type 2 diabetes (adjusted OR = 20.77; 95% CI: 5.39–80.09), alcohol use (adjusted OR = 3.72; 95% CI: 1.01–13.68), and other underlying diseases (adjusted OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07–2.06) as independent risk factors. PCR demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared to microscopy. These findings support a potential pathogenic role of E. gingivalis in periodontitis, especially among patients with type 2 diabetes or behavioral risk factors. (International Journal of Biomedicine. 2025;15(3):545-551.)

Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Plai), a traditional Thai medicinal plant, is widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. However, its clinical use has been limited due to poor solubility, stability, and skin permeability. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a nanochitosan-coated formulation incorporating Zingiber cassumunar (Plai) extract for anti-inflammatory applications. The study focuses on characterizing the physicochemical properties of the formulation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, as well as assessing its anti-inflammatory efficacy through the albumin denaturation assay. The nanoparticles were characterized by GC-MS, FTIR, and SEM. GC-MS, and showed enrichment of lipophilic, volatile compounds like lidocaine, benzyl benzoate, and squalene. FTIR confirmed successful Plai incorporation into the chitosan matrix with strong molecular interactions. SEM revealed porous, sponge-like structures, supporting high drug-loading efficiency and potential for controlled release. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via BSA protein denaturation assay, revealing that all formulations, including crude extract, chitosan, and nanochitosan-Plai, exhibited high inhibition across tested concentrations. Notably, the nanochitosan-Plai formulation showed significantly superior activity at the highest concentration. These findings suggest that nanochitosan encapsulation significantly enhances the therapeutic efficacy of Plai, supporting its potential development as an advanced topical delivery system for the targeted management of localized inflammatory conditions.(International Journal of Biomedicine. 2025;15(3):564-571.)

Background: Capsaicin, the primary pungent component of Capsicum annuum, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties by acting on TRPV1 receptors and modulating COX-2 expression. However, its therapeutic use is limited by poor solubility, instability, and potential skin irritation. Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS), a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder, presents a need for safer and more effective topical treatments. This study aimed to develop and evaluate capsaicin loaded hydrogel patches for cytotoxic effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and pain relief. Methods and Results: A hydrogel patch containing 0.1% capsaicin was fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin, glycerol, Tween 80, triethanolamine through the freeze–thaw technique. Structural analysis by GC-MS revealed bioactive constituents, predominantly dodecyl acrylate (45.78%), oleic acid (25.06%), and trans-oleic acid (7.52%), all known for their anti-inflammatory and skin-permeation-enhancing properties. FTIR confirmed the successful incorporation of capsaicin into the hydrogel matrix with characteristic shifts in N–H, C=O, and C–N functional groups, while UV-Vis spectroscopy supported capsaicin release over time. Cytotoxicity testing on human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells demonstrated high cell viability (>90%) at concentrations below 1 mg/ mL, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 20 mg/mL, indicating low toxicity at therapeutic doses. The hydrogel exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. Notably, the anti-inflammatory efficacy was statistically comparable to diclofenac (P = 0.183). Conclusion: The capsaicin-loaded hydrogel patch showed excellent physicochemical characteristics, structural stability, and biocompatibility. Its anti-inflammatory efficacy was on a par with standard diclofenac, supporting its potential as a safe and effective treatment for localized pain and inflammation management with MPS.(International Journal of Biomedicine. 2025;15(3):572-582.)

Excessive exercise can lead to oxidative stress which can negatively affect the nervous system. Phycocyanin, a pigment in blue-green algae like spirulina, has potent antioxidant properties that help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.This study examined the effects of phycocyanin on oxidative stress in the rat brain induced by prolonged strenuous exercise. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: Control group, exercise group, exercise with low (100 mg/kg BW) or high (200 mg/kg BW) doses of phycocyanin or vitamin C (200 mg/kg BW). After the 8thweek of experiment, brain tissue was collected to analyze malondialdehyde levels (MDA) and antioxidant activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. The results show that excessive exercise tends to increase MDA levels and decrease superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, although these changes are not statistically significant. However, excessive exercise significantly reduces the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx), which may contribute to oxidative stress.Phycocyanin, on the other hand, enhances the antioxidant activity of SOD and CAT, both of which play a critical role in mitigating oxidative damage. Interestingly, phycocyanin does not appear to significantly affect GPx levels. This suggests that phycocyanin may selectively target specific antioxidant pathways while leaving others unaffected